Sanatana: Let’s Understand – Part 2, Changing Ethics vs. Unchanging Sanatana Dharma

The current political landscape in Tamil Nadu is quite extraordinary. On one hand, voices calling for the "Abolition of Sanatana" are loud, while on the other, defensive voices are equally intense. In this context, a crucial question arises: “Is it necessary to talk about Sanatana now? Should we criticize it in writing?”

Sanatana is not just an ancient religious scripture; it is a social order that has historically influenced—and continues to influence—varna-caste structures, living spaces, professions, education, and even the judicial system. Therefore, understanding it is essential.

Political Shifts and the Anti-Sanatana Front

The support extended by the Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi (VCK) to the new political front led by Vijay has sparked intense debate. Thol. Thirumavalavan, who once criticized Vijay’s political entry, is now discussing power-sharing. This has created confusion within the anti-Sanatana camp. It raises a pertinent question: Is anti-Sanatana politics a mere electoral tool or a principled touchstone?

Aram (Ethics) and Dharma: The Fundamental Difference

Before diving into the debate, we must understand the vast difference between the words 'Aram' and 'Dharma'. 'Aram' is a Tamil traditional term, while 'Dharma' is rooted in Sanskrit tradition.

1. Aram (Ethics):

   Aram emphasizes the internal and external integrity of an individual. As Thirukkural (Kural 34) states, "Being spotless in mind is Aram." Aram is adaptive to time and context. If a previously followed practice is found to be wrong, discarding it and paving a new righteous path is Aram. it prioritizes human progress and allows for change.

2. Dharma (Sanatana Dharma):

   However, the 'Dharma' proposed by Sanatana is immutable. It mandates that one must strictly follow the rules laid down by Manusmriti according to their birth, Varna, and caste. Even if a lifestyle dictated by this Dharma is proven wrong or harmful by others, there is no way to change it. This is why Sanatana calls itself 'Eternal' (indestructible). It is institutionalized and protected through religion.

Thiruvalluvar’s Guidance vs. Shastra’s Restriction

Valluvar warns that a life of Aram brings prosperity, while abandoning it leads to ruin (Kural 32). The ultimate fruit of Aram is happiness (Kural 39).

But Sanatana says, "Do what the Shastra prescribes; avoid what it forbids without questioning." How can we accept Sanatana as right without analyzing whether an action causes harm to others? Aram tells us to live without harming others and to change if harm occurs. Sanatana Dharma, however, insists on following its rules even if they cause harm to others.

Why Should We Analyze Manusmriti?

The core of this debate is the conflict between human equality and a social structure based on birth. To understand this conflict, it is vital to directly read and analyze Manusmriti, the primary document of the Sanatana social order.

In this series, we will explore:

• Every Shloka and its direct meaning.

• Its social impact and historical context.

• Its contradictions from the perspective of modern human rights and equality.

Let us discuss openly: What is humane? What is against equality? All seekers of social justice are welcome to this debate.

To be continued…

P.Sekar
Advocate